They represent the smallest lattice structures yet produced-achieved by an 80% shrinkage of the polymer during pyrolysis-and exhibit material strengths of up to 3 GPa, corresponding approximately to the theoretical strength of glassy carbon. Here, we demonstrate that pyrolysis of polymeric microlattices can overcome these limitations and create ultra-strong glassy carbon nanolattices with single struts shorter than 1 μm and diameters as small as 200 nm. The strength of lightweight mechanical metamaterials, which aim to exploit material-strengthening size effects by their microscale lattice structure, has been limited by the resolution of three-dimensional lithography technologies and their restriction to mainly polymer resins.
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